Click On Images For Additional Information : CAVEAT FORWARD THINKING STATEMENT CAVEAT : Click On Images For Additional Information
2021 A.D.E. SINCE TIME BEGAN : salus populi suprema est lex - the right of the people is the supreme law : IN TRUTH WE TRUST 2021 A.D.E.
Authorized Disclosure By : HRH DR STITUMAATULWUT HWUNEEM, LLB : SIPO Two Row Wampum OPIS
"The regions also serve different demographics; although most of the population of Africa North lies in a relatively high-density region near the coast, typical population densities of Africa South are much lower. Among the 12 countries of Africa North, 5 (Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia) have a relatively urban population (56% of the population live in urban areas in these five countries, compared with 31% for the remaining countries in Africa North). These countries also have the highest connectivity9 and the most developed electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure in Africa, with interconnections to the Middle East and to Europe. 10 With more than 60% of the Africa South population living in rural areas, traditional transmission and distribution systems are often more costly to develop on a per customer basis.
Although comprehensive data on the share of off-grid electricity in Africa South are limited, a recent World Bank Group Energy Management Assistance Program Multi-Tier Framework for Energy study of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Rwanda shows that 3% of urban electricity access is off-grid and 49% of rural electricity access is off-grid.
Plans for expanded access to electricity in the region have relied on the addition of off-grid applications, such as solar lights, solar home systems, and mini-grids. Generally, it is less costly to install these systems than to build out the transmission and distribution system to many remote areas with potentially low demand for electricity. Off-grid technologies are less competitive in Africa North, whose population has greater access to existing well-connected transmission and distribution systems.
As of 2017, 79% of the population in Africa North had access to electricity, but only 48% of the Africa South population had access. As a result, electricity consumption per capita in Africa South is lower, at 350 kWh per person per year, which is one –third of the level in Africa North (1,000 kWh per person per year) and one-tenth of the worldwide average electricity consumption per person (3,200 kWh per person per year).
Options for expanding electricity access Africa South has three basic options
(A) to expand electricity access: Connect customers to the existing grid through grid extension and densification.
(B) Set up localized distribution systems (micro-grid or mini-grid) linked to either a renewable or diesel generation source.
(C) Install stand-alone generation sources, powered either by renewable sources or by diesel generators.
These options imply cost trade-offs between lower power generation costs of central station generating units with a higher cost of transmission and distribution networks versus the relatively higher cost of power from decentralized generating units with lower cost of distribution networks. For example, grid expansion requires investment in the transmission network (such as, costs for high- or medium-voltage lines, transformers, and household connections), which is a function of distance, terrain topology, and other factors. By comparison, establishment of a mini- or micro-grid requires potentially smaller capital expenditures, including lower cost distribution systems, connections to distributed generators, and control systems. For a representative lower energy-intensive system in a less densely populated area, costs to extend the central transmission grid can be as much as twice the cost of a micro-grid system. On the other hand, for a higher energy intensive system in a more densely populated area, grid connection costs can be as much as one-third less than the costs of a micro-grid system. Stand-alone generation has the lowest initial capital costs of the three options above but scales least efficiently."
Projected electricity generation worldwide from 2018 to 2050, by energy source (in trillion kilowatt hours)*
2021 A.D.E. SINCE TIME BEGAN : salus populi suprema est lex - the right of the people is the supreme law : IN TRUTH WE TRUST 2021 A.D.E.
